2 khalifa of hazrat umar farooq

 

ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (Arabic: عمر بن خطاب, romanized: ʿUmar receptacle Khaṭṭāb, likewise spelled Omar, c. 582/583 - 644) was the second Rashidun caliph, administering from August 634 until his death in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. Umar was a senior buddy and father by marriage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was additionally a specialist Muslim legal scholar known for his devout and just nature, which procured him the designation Al-Fārūq ("the person who recognizes (right and wrong)").

Umar at first went against Muhammad, his far off Qurayshite brother and later child in-regulation. Following his transformation to Islam in 616, he turned into the principal Muslim to ask at the Kaaba straightforwardly. Umar took part in practically all fights and campaigns under Muhammad, who presented the title al-Fārūq (the Distinguisher) upon Umar, for his decisions. After Muhammad's passing in June 632, Umar promised devotion to Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) as the main caliph and filled in as the nearest guide to the last option until August 634, while the perishing Abu Bakr designated Umar as his replacement.

Under Umar, the caliphate extended at a remarkable rate, administering the Sasanian Realm and more than 66% of the Byzantine Empire.[3] His assaults against the Sasanian Domain brought about the triumph of Persia in under two years (642-644). As per Jewish practice, Umar put away the Christian prohibition on Jews and permitted them into Jerusalem and to worship.[4] Umar was killed by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.

Umar is by and large saw by antiquarians to be one of the most remarkable and persuasive Muslim caliphs in history.[5] He is loved in the Sunni Islamic custom as an extraordinary just ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues,[6] and a few hadiths distinguish him as the second most prominent of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr.[7][8] He is seen adversely in the Twelver Shia tradition.[9]

Early life

Umar was brought into the world in Mecca to the Banu Adi faction, which was answerable for discretion among the tribes.[10] His dad was Khattab ibn Nufayl and his mom was Hantama bint Hisham, from the clan of Banu Makhzum. In his childhood he used to watch out for his dad's camels in the fields close to Mecca. His vendor father was popular for his knowledge among his tribe.[11] Umar himself said: "My dad, al-Khattab, was a savage man. He used to make me really buckle down; in the event that I didn't work he used to beat me and he used to work me to exhaustion."[12]

Notwithstanding education being remarkable in pre-Islamic Arabia, Umar figured out how to peruse and write in his childhood. However not a writer himself, he fostered an adoration for verse and literature.[13] As per the practice of Quraish, while still in his young years, Umar learned hand to hand fighting, horse riding and wrestling. He was tall, genuinely strong and an eminent wrestler.[13][14] He was likewise a talented speaker who succeeded his dad as a referee among the tribes.[15]

Umar turned into a vendor and made a few excursions to Rome and Persia, where he is said to have met different researchers and broke down Roman and Persian social orders. As a vendor he was unsuccessful.[13][16] Like others around him, Umar was partial to savoring his pre-Islamic days.[17]

Opposition to Islam

In 610, Muhammad started preaching the message of Islam. However, like many others in Mecca, Umar opposed Islam and even threatened to kill Muhammad. He resolved to defend the traditional polytheistic religion of Arabia. He was adamant and cruel in opposing Muhammad, and very prominent in persecuting Muslims.^[18] He recommended Muhammad's death.^[19] He firmly believed in the unity of the Quraish and saw the new faith of Islam as a cause of division and discord.^[18]

Due to persecution, Muhammad ordered some of his followers to migrate to Abyssinia. When a small group of Muslims migrated, Umar became worried about the future unity of the Quraish and decided to have Muhammad

Migration to Medina

In 622 CE, due to the safety offered by Yathrib (later renamed Medīnat an-Nabī, or simply Medina), Muhammad ordered his followers to migrate to Medina. Most Muslims migrated at night fearing Quraish resistance, but Umar is reported to have left openly during the day saying: "Any one who wants to make his wife a widow and his children orphans should come and meet me there behind that cliff."^[27][28] Umar migrated to Medina accompanied by his cousin and brother-in-law